tenses

TEORI : Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense
    POLA:

Subject + Verb 1 + …. They / We I / You

Subject + Verb s-es + … He / She / It

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus. Contoh :

• The students go to school everyday.
• She studies English twice a week.
• I go to church on Sundays
• We celebrate our independence day once in a year.

b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth). Contoh:

• The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
• The earth revolves round the sun.
• The pineapple never grows up on a tree.

c.Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.

When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:

• Every morning/day/week/month/year
• Once, twice, three times, four times, …
• Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom

2. Present Continuous Tense
POLA :

Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing

FUNGSI:
a.Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan. Contoh:

• They are still playing at the moment.
• She is reading a novel now.

b.Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan. Contoh:

• I am learning French this year.
• Mr. Brown is teaching English.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:

• Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

Note :
Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses nya Present Continuous. Contoh:

• * Look! The man is climbing.
• *Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

3. Present Perfect Tense
POLA:

Subject + Have  +  Verb 3 + ….                  Has

FUNGSI :
a.Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu. Contoh :

• William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
• I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.

b.Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang. Contoh:

• My friends and I have gone to Bali.
• Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
POLA :

Subject + Have  + Been + Verb-ing                  Has

FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung. Contoh:

• My sister has been studying English for three months.
• The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.
5. Simple Past Tense
POLA:

Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….

FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Contoh:

• I met my music teacher yesterday.
• My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
• Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
• The students presented their project work this morning.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:

• Last,ago,This afternoon
• Just now ,This morning, Yesterday

6. Past Continuous Tense
POLA:

Subject + was  + Verb- ing                 were

FUNGSI:
a.Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau. Contoh:

• I was studying at my friend’s house.
• My parents were chatting in the living room.

b.Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi . Contoh:

• When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
• When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.

7. Past Perfect tense
POLA:

Subject + Had + Verb 3

FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul. Contoh:

• The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
• When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.
8. Future Tense
POLA:

Subject + shall  + Verb 1 + …                 will

FUNGSI:
a.Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi. Contoh:

• Bobby will come here tomorrow.
• I shall call my parents when I get home.

b.Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak. Contoh:

• Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
• We shall die one day.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.